Tense means time of action or, when the action takes place. And in English grammar, it expresses the various forms of verbs in various situations or times. From this point of view, there are three types of tense in English.
- Present Tense: The actions happen at present or going on right now are called present tense. Example: He watches movie. I am writing a letter.
- Past Tense: The actions happened in the past are called Past Tense. Example: He did the work yesterday. He was writing a letter.
- Future Tense: The actions haven't been happened yet, but will happen or going to be happened are called Future tense. Example: I will go there tomorrow. He will have received the parcel within a short time.
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As we know, there are mainly 3 kinds of tense. But each has more 4 types of tenses. So, there are 12 kinds of tense in total. The Basic Structures are given below with Examples:
-\ Structures /-
- Present Indefinite Tense: Subject + Base form of Verb (s/es) + Extension.
- Present Continuous Tense: Subject + am/ is/ are + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
- Present Perfect Tense: Subject + have/ has + V.P.P. (Past Participle form of main verb) + Extension.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Subject + have/ has been + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
- Past Tense: Subject + Past form of main Verb + Extension.
- Past Continuous Tense: Subject + was/ were + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
- Past Perfect Tense: Subject + had + V.P.P. (Past Participle form of main verb) + Extension.
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Subject + had been + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
- Future Indefinite Tense: Subject + shall/ will + Base form of main Verb + Extension.
- Future Continuous Tense: Subject + shall/ will be + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
- Future Perfect Tense: Subject + shall/ will have + V.P.P. (Past Participle form of main verb) + Extension.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Subject + shall/ will have been + 'ing' with main Verb + Extension.
-\ Examples /-
- Present Indefinite Tense:
- I read a book.
- He is a student.
- Milon goes to school everyday.
- NB: If the subject of present indefinite tense starts with he/ she/ it/ singular noun, it takes s/es with its main verb.
- Present Continuous Tense:
- I am reading a book.
- He is watching an English movie.
- They are playing chess.
- Present Perfect Tense:
- I have read this book.
- He has watched this movie.
- We have won the game.
- NB: If the subject of present perfect tense starts with he/ she/ it/ singular noun, it takes has as an auxiliary verb with it.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
- I have been studying in this school since 2015.
- We have been making this thing since morning.
- It has been raining cats and dogs for 2 hours.
- NB: If the subject of present perfect continuous tense starts with he/ she/ it/ singular noun, it takes has been as an auxiliary verb with it.
- Past Indefinite Tense:
- Mr John came here yesterday.
- It was a nice shirt.
- You got the first prize in our last annual sports competition.
- Past Continuous Tense:
- He was having his breakfast then.
- I was asking for your help.
- They were making noise in the class.
- Past Perfect Tense:
- I had learnt about it.
- The boy had left the house before it started raining.
- The boy left the house after it had started raining.
- NB: If there is before/ after in the sentence, past perfect tense then takes its position in the sentence in accordance with the meaning of before/ after. It means "past perfect tense + before" and "after + past perfect tense".
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense:
- I had been learning it.
- We had been living here since 2000.
- NB: This tense is now out dated!
- Future Indefinite Tense:
- I will buy a pen.
- You will do the work by today.
- We shall make a garden.
- NB: 'Shall' is now kind of out dated !
- Future Continuous Tense:
- I will be playing until you return.
- We will be doing the work.
- He will be digging the pond.
- Future Perfect Tense:
- He will have finished the work.
- Mr Kamal and I will have made a nice plan regarding it.
- Jaiyana will have cooked food us.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
- You will have been using this tense.
- This tense has no uses in modern grammar.
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